What is the purpose of propolis in a beehive?

Propolis serves a crucial role in the beehive primarily as a protective substance. It is a resinous mixture collected by bees from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources, and they use it to seal cracks and openings within the hive. This sealing action helps to prevent the entry of pathogens and pests, effectively protecting the colony from diseases and ensuring the overall health of the hive.

Additionally, propolis has antimicrobial properties, which further aids in safeguarding the bees and their living environment. While it may have a role in regulating conditions within the hive, such as humidity and temperature to some extent, its primary function is the protection and sealing of the hive structure. This is essential for maintaining a safe and healthy colony, especially in diverse environmental conditions.