What is the function of propolis in a beehive?

Propolis serves a critical function in a beehive primarily by sealing cracks and crevices. This resinous substance, collected by bees from tree buds and sap flows, has antimicrobial properties and helps to maintain the structural integrity of the hive. By sealing gaps, bees can protect their colony from pests, parasites, and harsh environmental conditions while also regulating hive temperature and humidity.

Using propolis to fortify the hive is essential for the overall health and longevity of the bee colony, as it helps create a more stable and secure environment. While propolis does have other uses, such as potentially aiding in the repair of comb and contributing to hive sanitation, its primary role is to seal and protect the hive structure. This means it is not involved in honey production, mate attraction, or heat generation in the traditional sense, which makes its sealing capability paramount within the hive's ecosystem.