How do honey bees benefit from using propolis in their hives?

Honey bees benefit significantly from using propolis in their hives primarily because it offers protection against pathogens. Propolis is a resinous substance that bees collect from various plants, and they use it as a natural antimicrobial agent. It has strong antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, which help to create a cleaner environment within the hive. By sealing cracks and crevices with propolis, bees can prevent the entry of harmful microorganisms and pests that could jeopardize the health of the colony.

This use gives bees a substantial advantage in maintaining hive health, especially in the closed environment of the colony where disease can spread rapidly. The chemical compounds found in propolis assist in preserving the integrity of the brood and adult bees by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and molds.

While propolis does not directly influence the flavor of honey, assist in bee navigation, or play a significant role in pollen storage, its primary function as a barrier against pathogens and its contribution to hive hygiene is what makes it a vital material for the health and longevity of honey bee colonies.